The Jack Russell Terrier is a breed of dog originally from
the United Kingdom, and whose development was based on the standard of the Work
Club in Australia. It is basically a white dog, more compact than tall, agile,
and that despite its small size it has a lot of strength and endurance. It is a
working terrier, alert, tenacious and independent. An excellent companion dog
for active people. There is a variant called Parson Russell terrier that is
larger.
The breed was recognized in 2000 by the FCI, in 2009 by the
United Kennel Club, and in June 2012 the same breed was recognized by the
American Kennel Club under the name "Russell terrier".
History
England, country of origin
This breed of dog owes its name to the Reverend John
"Jack" Russell. Born in 1795 in Darmouth, England, he was a pastor
for many years in Swymbridge Parish, County Devon. Terrier lover, during his
studies at Oxford he bought his first dog of these characteristics, a white
female with hard hair with markings on the head called "Trump", which
by the description and photo that are preserved of her is quite similar to the
current one Jack Russell terrier FCI standard.
Fox hunting was widely practiced in Devon County at the time
Reverend Russell lived, and he was passionate about this activity. His hobby
led him to breed dogs. Thus, he began to cross hunting dogs, more exactly
terriers of different single-colored and multi-colored breeds. What he was
looking for ways to improve the aptitude of the specimens, not to homogenize
the physical aspect of them and therefore when he died he did not leave a
specific standard. The crossbreeds and the non-standardization of the breed
have caused divergences about the current appearance of the Jack Russell
terrier.
Australia, developing country
It should be noted that Australia was the country that
actively contributed to the development, and subsequent recognition, of this
breed internationally. There are no specific data on when the first Jack
Russell terrier arrived in Australia, but there is information about specimens
that came as a gift and contributed significantly to the breed. As for example
in 1964, "Hardy" (JRI-5) which was a gift from the Duke of Beaufort -
Beaufort Hunt Club in the UK - to the Australian equestrian winner of the
Olympic gold medal: Bill Rycroft. So was the "Kiss Me Kate" (JRI-6)
of the Duchess of Bedford - Bedford Hunt Club in the UK.
In 1972 the Jack Russell Terrier Club of Australia was
officially formed. This specialized club instituted a comprehensive
registration system along with a formal breed standard. This club also started
discussions with the Australian National Kennel Council about the possibility
of recognizing and registering the breed. On October 25, 2000, the
International Cynological Federation - Europe Division - finally officially and
definitively recognized the Jack Russell terrier breed using the standard from
Australia.
Some work clubs refuse to recognize this breed, despite
recognition from the FCI, UKC, AKC, ANKC and many other countries. These clubs
carry out their own breeding records and competitions, such as the Jack Russell
Terrier Club of Great Britain (JRTCGB) or the Jack Russell Terrier Club of the
United States (JRTCA), these types of clubs describe in their highest terriers
of the Parson Russell terrier type, like a Jack Russell.
Appearance
Its basic and
predominant color should be white - a minimum of 51% - although it may have
brown, tan or black spots on various parts of the body. Dropped ears with good
texture and great mobility. Its average height is between 25 and 30 cm in
height at the withers. The depth of the body from height to the withers and
chest should be equal to the length of the front leg from the elbow to the
floor. The dog as a whole is longer than it is tall. Its approximate weight is
between 5 and 7 kilos. They usually have around 4 to 6 offspring, and their
gestation lasts 2 months.
Fur
Like most
terriers, they have water-resistant hair, which protects the dog when it enters
burrows or lakes. Its coat or coat can be of three types: smooth, hard and
semi-hard. Depending on the type it presents, it will be maintained and cared
for. JRTs with hard and semi-hard hair require more intense maintenance than
those with straight hair.
Normally a
smooth-haired dog only needs a weekly brushing. While hard and semi-hard hair
JRTs require the technique known as stripping, which is the extraction by hand
and consists of pulling dead old hair by the roots, and it must be done during
the spring to remove the winter coat already late summer to allow the winter
cloak to grow - keeping the animal warm during the cold months. Extracting the
dead hair in this way allows it to grow again maintaining the texture and
function of the coat. If the animal participates in dog shows, it will need a
specific calendar to attend to its coat and thus allow its coat to present the
required standard texture.
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Source:
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Russell_terrier